e-miglia 2011: E-cars face tough endurance test with TÜV SÜD

  

Munich. TÜV SÜD is once again the official technical partner of the 2011 e-miglia. The rally, regarded as one of the toughest in the world for electric vehicles, will cover a route of around 800 kilometres between Munich and St Moritz from 1 – 5 August. The hardest stretch for the entrants will be the Grossglockner High Alpine Road, reaching an altitude of 2504 metres. On 1 August, the evening before the start, TÜV SÜD will set up a public drivers' paddock at its Ridlerstrasse headquarters in Munich, where the cars will receive technical approval and teams and drivers will be introduced to the general public.

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We currently supply our products against the Industrial EMC standards. What will I have to do if we want to sell our products for defence applications?

Defence and Aerospace standards are in most areas a lot more stringent than the generic EMC standards. Your products would need further testing to meet these requirements. Before going into one of these programmes it is recommended that a Gap Analysis is conducted against the requirements from the appropriate defence standard and the standards your product has already been tested against. There will be some areas where your product has already met some defence requirements and may have exceeded some of them. There will be some cross over in areas such as frequency range for test and test levels. By conducting a gap analysis, time and cost should be saved by not having to test your product again for each EMC phenomena. Additionally, at present there is a legal requirement for defence products to be tested against EMC harmonised standards as well as the defence standards. Military equipment used to be exempt in the old EMC Directive but this is no longer the case. A gap analysis technique could also benefit suppliers of defence equipment so they don’t embark on conducting all tests stated within the light industrial or industrial generic standards.

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If all telephones sold after Aug 1989 to be HAC why are all mobile phones not tested?

Currently the FCC are increasing the benchmark deployment requirements on the manufacturers and services providers and as mentioned these numbers are going to increase for 2011. The present HAC measurement standard does not specify or accommodate HAC RF Emissions and Telecoil measurements for all device technology types. The FCC are intent on ensuring that varied and modern devices are made available to users of hearing aids, and they have done this in a staged process so that manufacturers are able to adjust their designs according to the requirements to meet the requirements of the HAC standards and also the measurements procedures need to be developed so that testing can be carried out properly to ensure the device is sufficiently HAC compliant for users for all technology types. The ANSI C63.10-2010 standard will encompass all air interfaces and a wider range of frequency bands so there will be more phones available. We are not sure whether and at what stage HAC compliance would be mandatory to all digital wireless devices. Currently you can check the packaging of a mobile handset to see if it carries the HAC rating, this would indicate whether the digital wireless device is hearing aid compatible.

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I have received a question about defibrillator-proofness, is it a requirement?

In the GSD it says (in effect) that if the equipment is specified by the manufacturer as being defi-proof, then the following test shall apply. The tests are described in 8.5.5.1 the defi-voltage is applied in both common mode and differential mode.T here is no requirement in the GSD that equipment shall be defi-proof. Definitive requirements for defi-proofness are stated where applicable in the particular standards, typically in those for patient monitoring.

Note that the values of inductance used for shaping the defi pulse are different in the general and particular standards. The lower value of inductance of 500μH simulates a defi with a shorted turn and gives a much faster rise time and therefore a more aggressive test.

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Wet/dry vacuum cleaners: Adding power to spring cleaning

Giving the inside of the car a thorough clean-out, sweeping up wood shavings and metal filings in the workshop or mopping up spilt floor-cleaning water in the cellar: wet/dry vacuum cleaners are handy appliances for spring-cleaning the home, garage or workshop. The TÜV SÜD product pros explain what to look out for when selecting and using a product.

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What kind of materials are usually used for bonding conductors?

This would depend vastly on the bonding that’s being carried out, whether its a safety earth style bond or a specific RF Bond. For RF bonds using RF braid then flat copper braid is the normal with the general rule of thumb, the shorter and wider the bond, the more effective it is. For metal plate bonding then Copper plate provides a good bond although there are other metals that will provide just as good a bond without the tarnish issue. Generally once bonds are in place then a milli-ohm measurement should be taken to ensure bonding between two metal surfaces has been made efficiently and the number to aim for is below 2.5 milliohms.

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Please could you highlight the differences between the residential and industrial EMC testing requirements? I also understand that there is a third category which is for use in EMC controlled environment. We are most interested in the requirements for apparatus for use in industrial applications. 

Emissions requirements for an industrial application are less severe than those stated for commercial areas. Immunity requirements however are more stringent as equipment will need to be tested to higher levels i.e. Radiated immunity levels are 10V/m for industrial applications and 3V/m for the commercial environment. Generic Standards for 'Residential, Commercial and Light-industrial' are as follows: EN 61000-6-1 = Immunity; EN 61000-6-3 = Emissions. Generic Standards for 'Industrial' environments are as follows: EN 61000-6-2 = Immunity; EN 61000-6-4 = Emissions. For more information regarding the classification of electromagnetic environments please refer to IEC 1000-2-5.

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